【「TikTok禁止」が持つ本当の意味】TikTokと安全保障の専門家 サッシャ・ハニグ/アメリカがTikTokを禁止したい理由/TikTok禁止は表現の自由を侵害するか【PIVOT GLOBAL】
Summary
TLDRこのビデオは、TikTokと他のソーシャルメディアとの違いについて議論しています。TikTokが中国の企業に所有されていることが議論の中心であり、アメリカや他の国々での禁止措置の理由について説明しています。プライバシーやアルゴリズムのバイアス、若者への影響についても触れられており、中国政府との関係が懸念されています。また、TikTokが表現の自由や情報操作にどのように影響を与えるかについても討論されています。最終的には、日本がどのような対応をすべきかについての議論に焦点が当てられています。
Takeaways
- 🎯 TikTokは他のソーシャルメディアと異なり、中国企業によって所有されているため、プライバシーやセキュリティの問題が懸念されています。
- 🌍 TikTokの禁止は米国だけでなく、他の国々でも議論されています。特に欧州では、公共機関の職員が仕事用の電話でTikTokを使用することを制限しています。
- 📊 TikTokのアルゴリズムは、かつては政治的なコンテンツを検閲していたことがあり、中国版の抖音と同様のバイアスがある可能性が指摘されています。
- 🔍 中国の法律により、TikTokは政府にデータを提供することが義務付けられているため、ユーザーデータのプライバシーが保護されない可能性があります。
- 💼 TikTokのプロジェクトテキサスやプロジェクトクローバーは、データの安全性を確保するための取り組みですが、その効果については議論の余地があります。
- 📱 TikTokの若年ユーザー層が多いことから、その影響力が懸念されています。特に短い動画コンテンツが注意力の低下を引き起こす可能性があります。
- 🛡️ 米国や欧州の規制当局は、TikTokのデータ保存やプライバシーに関する対策を強化していますが、中国政府との関係が依然として懸念されています。
- 🔗 ソーシャルメディア全体でのアルゴリズムのバイアスや検閲の問題は、FacebookやInstagramでも見られますが、TikTokの場合は中国政府の影響が強く懸念されています。
- 🧑💼 TikTokを禁止することで、多くのクリエイターやユーザーが収入源を失う可能性があり、コミュニティの解体が懸念されています。
- 📚 TikTokの使用による精神的健康への影響も指摘されており、特に若年層においては注意力や忍耐力の低下が懸念されています。
Q & A
TikTokと他のソーシャルメディアの違いは何ですか?
-TikTokは中国の企業が所有している点が主な違いです。
なぜアメリカはTikTokを禁止しようとしているのですか?
-アメリカはTikTokが国家安全保障上のリスクになると考えており、特に中国政府との関係が懸念されています。
TikTokに関する議論でなぜ他のアプリは話題にならないのですか?
-TikTokは特に若者に人気があり、影響力が大きいため、他の多くのアプリよりも注目されています。
TikTokのアルゴリズムにどのような懸念がありますか?
-アルゴリズムにはバイアスが含まれており、特定の政治的コンテンツや情報を検閲する可能性があります。
TikTokが若者に与える影響についての懸念は何ですか?
-短い動画形式が注意力の短縮や心理的問題を引き起こす可能性があり、特に若いユーザーに対して悪影響を及ぼすとされています。
TikTokが他のソーシャルメディアと異なる理由は何ですか?
-中国政府との密接な関係が懸念され、これが他のアメリカの企業とは異なる点です。
アメリカのTikTok禁止に対するCEOの反応はどうですか?
-TikTokのCEOはプロジェクト・テキサスを通じてデータの安全性を確保し、プライバシーを尊重することを強調しています。
TikTokのプライバシー問題についての懸念は何ですか?
-ユーザーのデータが中国政府にアクセスされる可能性があることが主な懸念です。
TikTokが提供するコンテンツの問題点は何ですか?
-政治的内容や健康に関する誤情報が含まれる可能性があり、特に若者への影響が懸念されています。
日本はTikTokについてどのような対応をすべきですか?
-日本は他国の事例を参考にしつつ、プライバシー保護やデータ管理に関する議論を深める必要があります。
Outlines
🤔 TikTokと他のSNSの違い
TikTokが他のSNSと異なる理由について議論しています。特に、中国企業による所有が問題視されており、若者への影響や情報の共有に関する懸念が強調されています。また、TikTokの人気とそれに伴うシンボリズムについても触れています。
📊 TikTokに対するアメリカの懸念
アメリカでのTikTok禁止の動きとその背景にあるセキュリティ問題、特にプライバシーと中国政府との関係について説明しています。さらに、ヨーロッパや他国の対応についても述べられています。
🛡️ プライバシーとアルゴリズムの問題
TikTokがプライバシーに与える影響と、中国政府への情報提供に関する懸念について議論しています。また、アルゴリズムのバイアスとそれがもたらす影響についても触れています。
📱 TikTokの安全性と政治的影響
TikTokが提供する情報の安全性と、特に若者に対する政治的な影響についての懸念を詳述しています。また、他の国々がこの問題にどのように対処しているかについても述べられています。
🧠 TikTokの若者への影響
TikTokが若者の精神的健康や注意力に与える影響についての研究結果を紹介しています。特に、短い動画形式が長期的に与える負の影響について議論しています。
🔍 TikTokと表現の自由の関係
TikTok禁止が表現の自由に与える影響と、他のSNSプラットフォームでの代替可能性について議論しています。また、アメリカでの議論の質やそれに対する懸念についても触れています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡TikTok
💡バイトダンス
💡国家安全保障
💡アルゴリズムのバイアス
💡プライバシー
💡デモグラフィクス
💡検閲
💡プロジェクトテキサス
💡自由な表現
💡プロパガンダ
Highlights
Discussion about why TikTok is different from other social media platforms due to its ownership by a Chinese company.
Exploration of the security concerns surrounding TikTok, including privacy issues and Chinese legislation.
Comparison of how different countries, particularly the US and Europe, are responding to TikTok and other Chinese apps.
Explanation of the role of Chinese laws, such as the Cybersecurity Law and National Security Law, in the concerns about TikTok.
Analysis of TikTok's algorithm and its similarities to the Chinese version, including censorship practices.
Discussion on the potential manipulation of information and influence through TikTok's algorithm.
Concerns about the bias in TikTok's algorithm and its potential impact on what content users see.
The significance of TikTok's demographic, especially its popularity among younger users, in the discussions about its influence.
The issue of disinformation on TikTok and how it might be spread subtly among many harmless videos.
Privacy concerns related to TikTok accessing user data, including clipboard content on iPhones.
The potential long-term effects of TikTok's short video format on users' attention spans and mental health.
The impact of TikTok on teenagers and children, including issues related to underage use and exposure to harmful content.
The broader implications of banning TikTok on freedom of expression and the disruption of established online communities.
The response of TikTok to regulatory pressures, including initiatives like Project Texas in the US and Project Clover in Europe.
The quality of political discussions around TikTok bans and the preparedness of lawmakers to address these complex issues.
Transcripts
why is Tik Tok different from other
social media is that it's owned by a
Chinese company is that the point so
what's the difference between all those
companies and Tik Tok it this is just
one case one discussion and of course
what is weird to me is that it's only
about Tik Tok and not the other thousand
or 100,000 apps that are currently
available um on anyone's phone for
downloading um of course there is a a
symbolism to Bing t I see right because
it's the biggest the most popular the
one young people use most right do you
think it's really important to ban Tik
Tac at this time and what we you do see
is that among a th000 videos one will
have this information ah long term they
will be exposed to a lot of this
information that's why it's important to
raise
awareness so Sasha hanik welcome to
pivet thank you thank you for invitation
yeah so you are a PhD student at hitashi
University could you like introduce
yourself to our audience oh well yeah
I'm a a researcher I'm originally from
Chile South America I've been living in
Japan for the last three years now and
before I came here I was a researcher
for uh a think tank where I studied
Latin American and asia-pacific
relations uh after a couple of years I
decided to continue my studies and hence
I'm in Japan right now so you're doing a
research with ichihara M Sensei yes the
professor atashi exactly uhuh So today
we're going to talk about Tik Tok yes
and I know you're a specialist because I
read your article on it's a Japanese
version
joho kenu is a wonderful article so um
today we want to talk about three things
um number one is why USA is trying to
ban Tik Tok and number two um freedom of
expression versus Tik Tok because you
know Banning Tik Tok has kind of gaining
a lot of discussion in the United States
and also for the final part we want to
talk about should what should Japan do
should we ban Tik Tok or not okay so
let's kick on um so about the Tik Tok I
have a reuter's article uh here and it
says that on March uh 2024 uh the US
House passed the bill to force bite
dance who owns Tik Tok to divest Tik Tok
Force ban so if the bill passes and
President Biden signs the bill us will
ban Tik Tok so why is this happening in
the United States uh it's not only
happening in the United States um there
has been a wave of discussions around
the world about the situation with ttek
in particular but many other Chinese
apps and it has to do on on the one side
with a security uh issue uh some
countries can consider that Chinese
legislation does not guarantee privacy
or does not guarantee the protection of
their own citizens when they share
information on Tik Tok and on the other
hand is the demo demographics of Tik Tok
and many people think or believe that it
is the youngest of users that use Tik
Tok the most so when they discuss about
uh Banning Tik Tok what they're really
discussing is what is influence of Tik
Tok in our
population what is Tik tok's
relationship with the Chinese government
and how to respond to that as either a
threat or a concern so if you look what
has happened in Europe for example they
had not been so drastic as the US is
being right now what they're doing is
okay so we do not know whether Tik Tok
will be used uh by the Chinese
government but as a precaution we will
uh prevent our public officials from
using Tik Tac in their work phones right
and that has been the trend in the
European Union but also in many other
countries including the US uh last year
uh of course then we have the discussion
of whether what are China's intentions
and that's when the
US uh gets
into this discussion of whether Tik Tok
is a a threat or not and well they're
still discussing it we can discuss this
for days but that's the overview of it
right I see so is there like a real
concrete evidence that you know the
Chinese government is trying to
manipulate the US population or they
like spreading fake news or what's the
problem we can assume there might be a
problem but so far the assumption is
that if you look at as I was telling you
Chinese legislation there are two laws
that allow the Chinese government to uh
require Tik Tok to provide information
uh the cyber security law and well
National Security laws and and so forth
and of course uh we know that Tik Tok is
separated from its Chinese version Doan
yes but when some Studies have looked at
the algorithm and this is something that
actually tikto has tried to change but
when you looked at the algorithm a
couple of years ago there were some
things that were exactly the same as the
Chinese version including what is
censored in the app and something that
was censored in the app was a political
content so so for example when the Hong
Kong protests were happening and there
were some concerns that information was
being uh filtered in on in Tik Tok yeah
so there were no videos about the Hong
Kong protest or or they were diminished
diminished okay yeah because of course
the app will show you uh videos
according to the
algorithm and even though there isn't
like concrete evidence of okay so China
pushed for the specifical
campaign and there are also some
concerns about the algorithm
bias yeah so what that basically means
is that there are people behind every
single up right and these people have
their beliefs they have their way of
thinking they have their ideology and of
course they have to discriminate and
when they are creating the app or
discriminating the algorithm to think in
a way or the other or to discriminate
what content to show if enough people
have the same way of thinking that will
be reflected at least in early stages in
what people actually see on the app and
this has been proven for example in
uh and what Facebook employees were
filtering and that translated into what
people actually were looking at on the
app so we have reasons to assume that
that also might be happening on Tik Tok
true so you mentioned about the content
side so maybe in the future even now
maybe Tik Tok is trying to not show the
content about like maybe Taiwan Hong
Kong or human rights issue so that's a
problem and another problem I have heard
in the discussions about privacy so when
we open a Tik Tok account we like give
away privacy to B dance and also they
know what food I like I use Tik Tok so
what food I like or what music I like so
do they have or the Chinese Communist
Party have access to that data that's
the question of course when you're
talking about an authoritarian country
there is always a doubt right we do we
we'll never know exactly because no
government is going to go out and say oh
of course I'm looking at this
information of course uh that doesn't
actually happen uh what has been
revealed for example in the European
case it was revealed that uh one of the
leading figures at Tik Tok Europe
declared that information was actually
going towards Singapore and China and
that happened a couple of years ago and
of course this doesn't happen in the US
because legislation and privacy and data
in the US is I would say not as tight as
in Europe but Europe requires all
companies to have local storage for
their data they don't allow even if you
are want to keep your data in Africa or
some harmless country they wouldn't
allow that uh because it's part of the
general uh private data regulation right
the gdpr so according to that tikto had
to to change their way of um their
structure in Europe and that's something
that actually has been uh discussed in
the US as well even though the
legislation currently in the US doesn't
have as much issues as many issues as
the European one when it comes to who
holds the data and where is that data
storaged so that's the point so why is
Tik Tok different from other social
media is that it's owned by a Chinese
company is that the point because you
know even Facebook Twitter Instagram
they take away all data so what's the
difference between all those companies
and Tik Tok well that's the question
right uh in the beginning the idea of
letting Tik Tok in was what this is just
one more competitor against right
Instagram Facebook and
YouTube um to say like the the most
common ones right but
of course as I was telling you before
the role of the Chinese Communist party
in their uh private sector is much more
active than for example what the us
could do towards towards the I don't
know the Facebook app or Instagram right
so because that was a concern country
started to do a littleit of pushing
against Tik Tok right that's the main
difference um of course you could argue
that the US could also require uh
private data to be given to the
government and for example if there was
a terrorist attack or there was some
security yeah maybe they can ask Mark
Zuckerberg to like give me your data
well they have done that uh for example
they asked Apple some years ago to
provide data and they refused but that's
something an American company can do
right I don't know if that's something a
Chinese company could do in the same
Scara right so that's the main
difference so there's kind of a good or
decent relations between private sectors
and the public sector so that's the case
for the United States company but for
China the private sector and the public
sector is too close or tied so much and
that's the risk I mean there there are
some regulations in China that require
the Chinese Communist party to be
present at the board of directors and we
have seen some tensions between the
private sector and the public sector in
China in the recent years um jaak ma was
a clear example when he tried to uh open
his company to the market and we see it
one and again and again but of course
that doesn't mean that we shouldn't be
worried about what Facebook is doing or
what Instagram is doing or what YouTube
is doing it this is just one case one
discussion and of course what is weird
to me is that it's only about Tik Tok
and not the other thousand or 100
thousand apps that are currently
available um on anyone's phone for
downloading um of course there is a a
symbolism to Banning TK I see right
because it's the biggest the most
popular the one young people use small
right I don't want to take sides but
when I look at like the CEO of Tik Tok
or bite dance in the United States um
he's trying to present him like an it's
an American company you know he's from
Singapore he's studying American
University and he's talking about the
project Texas that he's Tik Tok in
United States trying to keep data face
safe um they respect privacy what do you
think about like project Texas and all
the other um you know the the statement
from the CEO yeah well they have tried
to do the same in Europe with project
Clover I think it is and of course there
are thousand thousands of people uh
behind the app we I think no one wants
to have 100,000 people or a or 5,000
people getting I don't know sacked just
because uh the government takes a
drastic decision and of course they have
to defend their interests and they have
to defend the company they work for now
it is true that uh Tik Tok and I mean
Doan both are owned by Biden
not located technically in the same
place if you look at I think it's Virgin
Islands or something like that that they
are I don't know uh
legally
founded uh
but of course there will be always there
there will be always be a uh
considerable doubt about what actually
will be Tik Tok doing um with the data
mhm more concerning maybe is uh what the
influence of that content will be for
especially young people which people
normally believe is the largest uh
demographic in Tik Tok right now so um
aren't the United States you know isn't
they like overreacting this you know Tik
Tok is a bunch of like fun videos You
Know music this like really political
content do you think it's really
important to ban Tic Tac at this time
well it's not my decision um but what we
can do is look at what other countries
are doing right and I the question
whether is whether there is a risk and
that risk I think many people think
about threat as weapons and I don't know
actually uh Warfare yeah tanks or tanks
and and space missiles yeah missiles
everything
um but more and more we're seeing
different forms of threats that are
different difficult to point out I would
say for example uh hybrid Warfare um
hacking disinformation narrative
influence things that we actually saw
during the Cold War and the first and
second world wars but are not
as uh didn't they didn't have the tools
that we do have right now right
and of course what I have been studying
a little bit about Chinese propaganda
and disinformation and how they use
their official channels and what we you
do see is that among a th000
videos one will have this information ah
right so yeah you need to watch 999
videos to find the one with this
information on it but of course in the
long term and if you see the the amount
of people who were watching using Tor
right now long term they will be exposed
to a lot of this information they will
be exposed to that thisinformation on
Facebook as well and Instagram as well
that's why it's important to to uh raise
awareness and that's something I think
Europe has done fairly well on the us as
well and I think we could talk about
what Japan is doing right now uh on this
information but when you have a
government behind the app then you will
assume there is a connection between the
government and the disinformation that
is allowed on tkk right that's a good
point because you know Tik Tok used to
be like fun videos music but right now
people are many people are talking about
like Israel confli and also like black
lives matter so it's getting getting
more attention to political content so I
think that's a risk that's a good point
yeah and and it's not only
disinformation about political issues it
could be health disinformation health
care uh for example there was a study
done by uh I think citizen lab which
gave Tik Tok to 13 9 to 13 year olds and
made them open an app during the
pandemic and just you know Scout the app
for any videos and the and the study
showed that among all these uh kids who
were using Tik Tok around average an
hour after opening the app they already
started to see this information on
vaccines covid-19
and that kind of issues of course I see
you mean we know when we see something
that may be false I want to believe that
children also can also tell when
something might be suspicious but that's
not always the case um because they
don't have all the tools that people who
are studying these issues have right
interesting I was also surprised that
Tik Tok tried like send push
notifications when the US was discussing
this issue that they said that you
should like for the users that they
should call pick up their phone and call
like call up their local senators or
something to stop this bill so that can
they can do is it really scared me yeah
yeah I mean not only that um some years
ago I think iPhones were uh pushing
notifications like for users to be aware
that Tik Tok was accessing their
clipboard so what I tikto wanted to do
is to see what you copied and past it a
so addresses um text I don't know
anything you saw you wanted to copy or P
images and that most of the apps that
use uh iPhone do not do or they ask you
for example bank account sometimes they
will ask you to copy and paste because
for them it's uh useful to copy the bank
account details and just paste them all
at the same time um but they asked you
and that was something that raised
concerns at the time and I know that Tik
Tok changed it afterwards but of course
this is a continuous battle regulate and
tell them what they can do and what they
cannot do I'm a little bit uh concerned
not by the fact that they are discussing
this but the quality of the discussion I
think if you watch what was happening in
Congress the level of the discussion was
not actually I wouldn't say not serious
but you could tell that some of the
people who were discussing were not
prepared right they didn't know much
about to but the same happen with
Facebook and all these discussions turn
up like the same there are people who
are very good at law making perhaps not
very good at understanding uh these
issues I remember uh Zuckerberg like
testified from the Congress and they
didn't even know how Facebook makes
money like by ads yeah yeah yeah so uh I
have a slide for you so this is um a
slide from uh the Joo Jose kenu which
ichihara sense Sasha you kind of wrote
an article and I took up some main
points with interesting points you
discussed so why should we worry about
Tik Tok National Security we talked
about this and number two is about
biased Ai and algorithm and also um
negative effect against teenager like
mental health could you elaborate on
this so when we talk about algorithm an
algorithm is a you could say a program
or a piece of code that is meant to
learn and decide what to show you right
it has an input and an output so the
input is for example uh you like the
color color pink so if it can tell that
you like the color pink it will show you
more pink P content right and that's
basically it people are very afraid of
the algorithm and it has uh raised a lot
of concern yeah discussions there is a
Netflix documentary but on paper that's
what an algorithm does nothing more
nothing less the problem is and this is
the second part the bias right when you
create a piece of code or an algorithm
or an A or you work with AI you need
input as well and this is something that
was discussed when chat gbt went out
that all for example people were white
right right because all the pictures
they were inputting into the app were
white people yeah um the same with the
bias uh on what kind of discussions
there were or arguments there were uh
used on chat GPT when it provided
answers and that is because it doesn't
make up anything you just put input in
it it learns and gives you output so
what's the problem and we discussed this
imagine the people who are doing the
algorithm or deciding what is this
information and what is not this
information have certain a certain bias
which happen in the Facebook case so
most of uh Facebook uh work ERS were
liberals so all the content they banned
was conservative content so long term
the algor algorithm started to learn
that conserved content was actually I
don't know not reliable or fake news
which in many cases might be the might
be true but the problem is it it wasn't
uh something genuine it was something
that was created by the continuous use
uh or discrimination of users and the
problem is could this happen on TK
right because of course if you think
okay so let's imagine Doan Doan
programmers have a certain bias have a
certain Vision or are pushed by the
Chinese government which of course is a
is a problem in the in China right yes
Facebook is not allowed YouTube is not
allowed Instagram is not allowed so
there's some things that you cannot show
on Tik Tok or Doan or or any B dance app
so of course that creates uh a bias long
term and that was something as I was
mentioning that was a concern but was
also more or less proven by
the the review on the algorithm on the
TK Tok algorithm and and was something
was that among the things that were uh
censored by the app was political
content right so uh you were asking
about the negative effects for teenagers
I would add kids as well so technically
Tik Tok is not allowed for 13 year olds
but studies show that they use it anyway
um which also happens with Instagram so
I mean I know kids that are fiveyear
olds who use DK to yes right and I don't
think that's a
surprise the problem is that the form of
content on Tik Tok which is short video
content long-term can produce uh short
short attention span MH um and also some
kind of uh psychological issu anxiety
anxiety yeah it also depends on what
kind of content you watch but of course
this the same with Instagram right you
see everyone with their perfect lives uh
filtered pictures and they do not show
the bad things and this is also true for
for Tik Tok and the problem is and this
is what happened in Europe that Tik Tok
was not doing much to pre prent underage
kids from entering the app so that's why
they were sanctioned in Europe um not
long ago because of course it was
discovered that um and this study proves
that the one I was talking about before
that anyone can just create an app and
there isn't any kind of filter they
would be exposed to this information an
hour after opening the app without even
knowing yeah and that's a very negative
right and it affects their mental health
and yeah it's mental health it's uh I
would say wider psychological effects
such as attention span which I which I
think is very important so when you are
only looking at 15 to one minute videos
what are the chances that you will be
able to watch an hour or two hours and
there are a lot of studies of children
that are watching a movie but also
watching TI at the same time because
they they are um I don't know distracted
by the movie they cannot watch an hour
long movie so there's so much Ed like 10
second videos and 1 hour is too long for
them yeah and that translates to study M
study capabilities translates to their
relations translates into uh their their
Hobbies they would get bored about a
hobby very quickly they're
patience especially when they're very
small like kids really need to learn
patience and and attention keeping
attention something and having Hobbies
and well that's something people really
talk about when they talk discuss te
that which has nothing to do with the
security concern we were talking about
before right so do you think Banning Tik
Tok will like take away people's like
platform to express themselves if they
upload the same video to into Instagram
or let's say any other platform um they
would still be able to to express
themselves it's it's just that a lot of
people on TK Tok have a lot of followers
and that's what it's concerning that
their source of income is going to be uh
diminished that their uh following will
have trouble finding them in other apps
that communities that have been built up
on Tik Tok will be uh just dis
disintegrated right and those are
discussions that are important that I
think people should have that that is
true and that is something the US should
talk about more so having that said so
what should Japan do some it's not as
developed as it has been for example in
the European Union or even the United
States so that's the first discussion
Japan could have
関連動画をさらに表示
“When I saw Julian Assange I was SHOCKED by his appearance” Glenn Greenwald | Redacted News
フルサイズ VS APS-Cの議論、いい加減やめませんか?
TSMC創業者モリス・チャン「自由貿易は死んだ」〜なぜ、アメリカがオランダ企業を規制するのか? [三橋TV第850回] 三橋貴明・高家望愛
【ひろゆきvs川邊健太郎vs川上量生】ネット炎上!プラットフォームの責任者座談会【LINEヤフーvsニコ動vs2ちゃんねる】
Swing-State Voters Are Worried About TikTok: Bloomberg Poll
“sexual content” on Twitch
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)